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MS Review References for 2004:

(2004). "Treatment optimization in multiple sclerosis: report of an international consensus meeting." Eur J Neurol 11(1): 43-7.

Abdel-Haq, N. M. and B. I. Asmar (2004). "Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) infection." Indian J Pediatr 71(1): 89-96.

Allcock, R. J., I. Forrest, et al. (2004). "A study of the prevalence of systemic sclerosis in northeast England." Rheumatology (Oxford) 43(5): 596-602.

Althaus, H. H. (2004). "Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: a new role for neurotrophins?" Prog Brain Res 146: 415-32.

Attal, N. and D. Bouhassira (2004). "[Neuropathic pain: experimental advances and clinical applications]." Rev Neurol (Paris) 160(2): 199-203.

Ballabh, P., A. Braun, et al. (2004). "The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications." Neurobiol Dis 16(1): 1-13.

Banwell, B. L. (2004). "Pediatric multiple sclerosis." Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 4(3): 245-52.

Bartosik-Psujek, H. and Z. Stelmasiak (2004). "[The formation and significance of antibodies to interferon beta during immunomodulating treatment of multiple sclerosis]." Neurol Neurochir Pol 38(1 Suppl 1): S53-6.

Becanovic, K., M. Jagodic, et al. (2004). "Current gene-mapping strategies in experimental models of multiple sclerosis." Scand J Immunol 60(1-2): 39-51.

Bencsik, K. (2004). "Multiple sclerosis to date: diagnosis, epidemiology, new aspects of the pathomechanism and the therapy." Ideggyogy Sz 57(1-2): 41-50.

Benedict, R. H., D. A. Carone, et al. (2004). "Correlating brain atrophy with cognitive dysfunction, mood disturbances, and personality disorder in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 36S-45S.

Bennett, M. and R. Heard (2004). "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for multiple sclerosis." Cochrane Database Syst Rev(1): CD003057.

Bennetto, L. and N. Scolding (2004). "Inflammatory/post-infectious encephalomyelitis." J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75 Suppl 1: i22-8.

Benveniste, E. N., V. T. Nguyen, et al. (2004). "Molecular regulation of CD40 gene expression in macrophages and microglia." Brain Behav Immun 18(1): 7-12.

Bertolotto, A. (2004). "Neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta: implications for the management of multiple sclerosis." Curr Opin Neurol 17(3): 241-6.

Besag, F. M. (2004). "Behavioral aspects of pediatric epilepsy syndromes." Epilepsy Behav 5 Suppl 1: S3-13.

Bielekova, B. and R. Martin (2004). "Development of biomarkers in multiple sclerosis." Brain 127(Pt 7): 1463-78.

Bo, L., J. J. Geurts, et al. (2004). "Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to examine the neuropathology of multiple sclerosis." Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 30(2): 106-17.

Boje, K. M. (2004). "Nitric oxide neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases." Front Biosci 9: 763-76.

Bomholt, S. F., M. S. Harbuz, et al. (2004). "Involvement and role of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis in animal models of chronic pain and inflammation." Stress 7(1): 1-14.

Brinar, V. V. (2004). "Non-MS recurrent demyelinating diseases." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 197-210.

Brinar, V. V. (2004). "Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 180-6.

Bruzzone, M. G., M. Grisoli, et al. (2004). "Neuroradiological features of vertigo." Neurol Sci 25 Suppl 1: S20-3.

Bryant, P. R., C. C. Geis, et al. (2004). "Stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Neurodegenerative disorders." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85(3 Suppl 1): S21-33.

Burgoon, M. P., D. H. Gilden, et al. (2004). "B cells in multiple sclerosis." Front Biosci 9: 786-96.

Chaudhuri, A. and P. O. Behan (2004). "Fatigue in neurological disorders." Lancet 363(9413): 978-88.

Christopherson, K. W., 2nd and R. A. Hromas (2004). "Endothelial chemokines in autoimmune disease." Curr Pharm Des 10(2): 145-54.

Confavreux, C. and S. Vukusic (2004). "Non-specific immunosuppressants in the treatment of multiple sclerosis." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 263-9.

Coo, H. and K. J. Aronson (2004). "A systematic review of several potential non-genetic risk factors for multiple sclerosis." Neuroepidemiology 23(1-2): 1-12.

Crino, P. B. (2004). "Malformations of cortical development: molecular pathogenesis and experimental strategies." Adv Exp Med Biol 548: 175-91.

Dalakas, M. C. (2004). "Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases." Jama 291(19): 2367-75.

De Keyser, J., E. Zeinstra, et al. (2004). "Beta 2-adrenoceptor involvement in inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis." Trends Pharmacol Sci 25(2): 67-71.

De Keyser, J., E. Zeinstra, et al. (2004). "Astrocytic beta2-adrenergic receptors and multiple sclerosis." Neurobiol Dis 15(2): 331-9.

de Seze, J. (2004). "[Can multiple sclerosis be diagnosed on a first demyelinating event?]." Presse Med 33(3): 174-9; discussion 192.

Dietrich, J. B. (2004). "Endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier: a target for glucocorticoids and estrogens?" Front Biosci 9: 684-93.

Dogan, R. N. and W. J. Karpus (2004). "Chemokines and chemokine receptors in autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model for central nervous system inflammatory disease regulation." Front Biosci 9: 1500-5.

Duran, M., J. R. Laporte, et al. (2004). "[News about therapeutic use of Cannabis and endocannabinoid system]." Med Clin (Barc) 122(10): 390-8.

Dyment, D. A., G. C. Ebers, et al. (2004). "Genetics of multiple sclerosis." Lancet Neurol 3(2): 104-10.

Edan, G. (2004). "[Aggressive multiple sclerosis. Definition and specific therapeutic indication]." Presse Med 33(3): 187-91; discussion 192.

Etheridge, L. J., D. W. Beverley, et al. (2004). "The use of interferon beta in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis." Arch Dis Child 89(8): 789-91.

Feinstein, A. (2004). "The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis." Can J Psychiatry 49(3): 157-63.

Flachenecker, P. and P. Rieckmann (2004). "Health outcomes in multiple sclerosis." Curr Opin Neurol 17(3): 257-61.

Fox, R. J. and R. A. Rudick (2004). "Multiple sclerosis: disease markers accelerate progress." Lancet Neurol 3(1): 10.

Freedman, M. S., D. G. Patry, et al. (2004). "Treatment optimization in multiple sclerosis." Can J Neurol Sci 31(2): 157-68.

Ghoreschi, K. and M. Rocken (2004). "Immune deviation strategies in the therapy of psoriasis." Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 3(2): 193-8.

Giesser, B. (2004). "Reproductive issues in persons with multiple sclerosis." Del Med J 76(3): 125-8.

Gilgun-Sherki, Y., E. Melamed, et al. (2004). "The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy." J Neurol 251(3): 261-8.

Gladue, R. P., S. H. Zwillich, et al. (2004). "CCR1 antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases." Curr Opin Investig Drugs 5(5): 499-504.

Gonsette, R. E. (2004). "A comparison of the benefits of mitoxantrone and other recent therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis." Expert Opin Pharmacother 5(4): 747-65.

Goodin, D. (2004). "Marijuana and multiple sclerosis." Lancet Neurol 3(2): 79-80.

Gray, O., G. V. McDonnell, et al. (2004). "Methotrexate for multiple sclerosis." Cochrane Database Syst Rev(2): CD003208.

Griffith, R. and M. Stevens (2004). "Legal requirements for safe handling in community care." Br J Community Nurs 9(5): 211-5.

Grigoriadis, N., T. Ben-Hur, et al. (2004). "Axonal damage in multiple sclerosis: a complex issue in a complex disease." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 211-7.

Grimaud, J. and J. P. Auray (2004). "[Quality of life and economic cost of multiple sclerosis]." Rev Neurol (Paris) 160(1): 23-34.

Hafler, D. A. (2004). "Multiple sclerosis." J Clin Invest 113(6): 788-94.

Hahnel, S., G. Jost, et al. (2004). "[Current use and possible future applications of the magnetization transfer technique in neuroradiology]." Rofo 176(2): 175-82.

Halasz, P., J. Vajda, et al. (2004). "[Surgical treatment of epilepsy]." Ideggyogy Sz 57(5-6): 189-205.

Hawker, K. and E. Frohman (2004). "Multiple sclerosis." Prim Care 31(1): 201-26.

Hertz, L., Y. Chen, et al. (2004). "Astrocytic adrenoceptors: a major drug target in neurological and psychiatric disorders?" Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 3(3): 239-67.

Hobart, J. C., A. Riazi, et al. (2004). "Improving the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in multiple sclerosis: development of a patient-based measure of outcome." Health Technol Assess 8(9): iii, 1-48.

Horstman, L. L., W. Jy, et al. (2004). "Endothelial microparticles as markers of endothelial dysfunction." Front Biosci 9: 1118-35.

Hu, J. G., P. H. Lu, et al. (2004). "[Update on oligodendrocyte in biological function and associated neurological disorders]." Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 35(1): 39-41.

Karin, N. (2004). "Induction of protective therapy for autoimmune diseases by targeted DNA vaccines encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines." Curr Opin Mol Ther 6(1): 27-33.

Kielian, T. and N. Esen (2004). "Effects of neuroinflammation on glia-glia gap junctional intercellular communication: a perspective." Neurochem Int 45(2-3): 429-36.

Killestein, J., B. M. Uitdehaag, et al. (2004). "Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: do they have a therapeutic role?" Drugs 64(1): 1-11.

Kirk, S., J. A. Frank, et al. (2004). "Angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis: is it good, bad or an epiphenomenon?" J Neurol Sci 217(2): 125-30.

Klingbeil, H., H. R. Baer, et al. (2004). "Aging with a disability." Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85(7 Suppl 3): S68-73; quiz S74-5.

Klivenyi, P., J. Toldi, et al. (2004). "Kynurenines in neurodegenerative disorders: therapeutic consideration." Adv Exp Med Biol 541: 169-83.

Knechtle, S. J. (2004). "Present experience with Campath-1H in organ transplantation and its potential use in pediatric recipients." Pediatr Transplant 8(2): 106-12.

Lasky, J. (2004). "Pirfenidone." IDrugs 7(2): 166-72.

Lassmann, H. and R. M. Ransohoff (2004). "The CD4-Th1 model for multiple sclerosis: a crucial re-appraisal." Trends Immunol 25(3): 132-7.

Levine, S. M. and A. Chakrabarty (2004). "The role of iron in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis." Ann N Y Acad Sci 1012: 252-66.

Lie, R. K. (2004). "Research ethics and evidence based medicine." J Med Ethics 30(2): 122-5.

Lin, X., C. R. Tench, et al. (2004). "Measurement of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 20S-26S.

Lopez Pison, J., O. Garcia Bodega, et al. (2004). "[Episodic disseminated inflammation of the central nervous system. Case mix review over a 13 year period]." Rev Neurol 38(5): 405-10.

Luque, J. M. and M. Gimenez y Ribotta (2004). "Neural stem cells and the quest for restorative neurology." Histol Histopathol 19(1): 271-80.

Lutton, J. D., R. Winston, et al. (2004). "Multiple sclerosis: etiological mechanisms and future directions." Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 229(1): 12-20.

MacLean, R. (2004). "The challenge of managing patients with multiple sclerosis." Nurs Times 100(4): 42-4.

Markovic-Plese, S., C. Pinilla, et al. (2004). "The initiation of the autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 218-22.

Martino, G. (2004). "How the brain repairs itself: new therapeutic strategies in inflammatory and degenerative CNS disorders." Lancet Neurol 3(6): 372-8.

Masterman, T. and J. Hillert (2004). "The telltale scan: APOE epsilon4 in multiple sclerosis." Lancet Neurol 3(6): 331.

McCormack, P. L. and L. J. Scott (2004). "Interferon-beta-1b: a review of its use in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis." CNS Drugs 18(8): 521-46.

McDonald, I. (2004). "Multiple sclerosis in its European matrix: some aspects of history, mechanisms and treatment." Can J Neurol Sci 31(1): 37-47.

Meier, D. S., H. L. Weiner, et al. (2004). "Magnetic resonance imaging surrogates of multiple sclerosis pathology and their relationship to central nervous system atrophy." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 46S-53S.

Mestas, J. and C. C. Hughes (2004). "Of mice and not men: differences between mouse and human immunology." J Immunol 172(5): 2731-8.

Miller, A., L. Glass-Marmor, et al. (2004). "Bio-markers of disease activity and response to therapy in multiple sclerosis." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 249-54.

Miller, J. R. (2004). "The importance of early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis." J Manag Care Pharm 10(3 Suppl B): S4-11.

Minagar, A., E. G. Toledo, et al. (2004). "Pathogenesis of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 5S-10S.

Mohr, D. C., S. L. Hart, et al. (2004). "Association between stressful life events and exacerbation in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis." Bmj 328(7442): 731.

Moore, R. J., R. M. Chamberlain, et al. (2004). "Apolipoprotein E and the risk of breast cancer in African-American and non-Hispanic white women. A review." Oncology 66(2): 79-93.

Moser, K. L., P. M. Gaffney, et al. (2004). "The use of microarrays to study autoimmunity." J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 9(1): 18-22.

Muhle, R., S. V. Trentacoste, et al. (2004). "The genetics of autism." Pediatrics 113(5): e472-86.

Munari, L., R. Lovati, et al. (2004). "Therapy with glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis." Cochrane Database Syst Rev(1): CD004678.

Mycko, M. P., R. Papoian, et al. (2004). "Microarray gene expression profiling of chronic active and inactive lesions in multiple sclerosis." Clin Neurol Neurosurg 106(3): 223-9.

Nagata, K. (2004). "[Cigarette smoking and neurological disease]." No To Shinkei 56(3): 205-23.

Nelson, R. L. (2004). "Epidemiology of fecal incontinence." Gastroenterology 126(1 Suppl 1): S3-7.

Neuhaus, O., O. Stuve, et al. (2004). "Are statins a treatment option for multiple sclerosis?" Lancet Neurol 3(6): 369-71.

Nishiyama, H. and Y. Kuroiwa (2004). "[Multiple sclerosis and cognitive impairment]." Nippon Rinsho 62 Suppl: 298-301.

Oleszak, E. L., J. R. Chang, et al. (2004). "Theiler's virus infection: a model for multiple sclerosis." Clin Microbiol Rev 17(1): 174-207.

Olson, J. K., J. Ludovic Croxford, et al. (2004). "Innate and adaptive immune requirements for induction of autoimmune demyelinating disease by molecular mimicry." Mol Immunol 40(14-15): 1103-8.

Pelletier, D., K. Garrison, et al. (2004). "Measurement of whole-brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 11S-19S.

Peppas, N. A., K. M. Wood, et al. (2004). "Hydrogels for oral delivery of therapeutic proteins." Expert Opin Biol Ther 4(6): 881-7.

Pershadsingh, H. A. (2004). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis?" Expert Opin Investig Drugs 13(3): 215-28.

Phillips, C. J. (2004). "The cost of multiple sclerosis and the cost effectiveness of disease-modifying agents in its treatment." CNS Drugs 18(9): 561-74.

Pluchino, S., R. Furlan, et al. (2004). "Cell-based remyelinating therapies in multiple sclerosis: evidence from experimental studies." Curr Opin Neurol 17(3): 247-55.

Poser, C. M. (2004). "Multiple sclerosis trait: the premorbid stage of multiple sclerosis. A hypothesis." Acta Neurol Scand 109(4): 239-43.

Przedborski, S. (2004). "Programmed cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a mechanism of pathogenic and therapeutic importance." Neurologist 10(1): 1-7.

Rastetter, W., A. Molina, et al. (2004). "Rituximab: expanding role in therapy for lymphomas and autoimmune diseases." Annu Rev Med 55: 477-503.

Rich, S. R., I. C. Coleman, et al. (2004). "Stepped-care approach to treating MS: a managed care treatment algorithm." J Manag Care Pharm 10(3 Suppl B): S26-32.

Rossman, H. S. (2004). "Neutralizing antibodies to multiple sclerosis treatments." J Manag Care Pharm 10(3 Suppl B): S12-9.

Rudge, P. (2004). "Interferon antibodies: do they alter the beneficial effects of beta-interferon upon relapse rate in multiple sclerosis?" Mult Scler 10(2): 123-5.

Rudick, R. A. (2004). "Impact of disease-modifying therapies on brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 54S-64S.

Rumke, H. C. and H. K. Visser (2004). "[Childhood vaccinations anno 2004. II. The real and presumed side effects of vaccination]." Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 148(8): 364-71.

Salem, M. L. (2004). "Estrogen, a double-edged sword: modulation of TH1- and TH2-mediated inflammations by differential regulation of TH1/TH2 cytokine production." Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 3(1): 97-104.

Salonia, A., R. M. Munarriz, et al. (2004). "Women's sexual dysfunction: a pathophysiological review." BJU Int 93(8): 1156-64.

Schipper, H. M. (2004). "Heme oxygenase-1: transducer of pathological brain iron sequestration under oxidative stress." Ann N Y Acad Sci 1012: 84-93.

Schwartz, M. (2004). "Vaccination for glaucoma: dream or reality?" Brain Res Bull 62(6): 481-4.

Scott, L. J. and D. P. Figgitt (2004). "Mitoxantrone: a review of its use in multiple sclerosis." CNS Drugs 18(6): 379-96.

Sindern, E. (2004). "Role of chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis." Front Biosci 9: 457-63.

Siva, A., A. Altintas, et al. (2004). "Behcet's syndrome and the nervous system." Curr Opin Neurol 17(3): 347-57.

Stangel, M. (2004). "Remyelinating and neuroprotective treatments in multiple sclerosis." Expert Opin Investig Drugs 13(4): 331-47.

Stuart, W. H. (2004). "Clinical management of multiple sclerosis: the treatment paradigm and issues of patient management." J Manag Care Pharm 10(3 Suppl B): S19-25.

Stuve, O., T. Prod'homme, et al. (2004). "Statins as potential therapeutic agents in multiple sclerosis." Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 4(3): 237-44.

Sylvester, R. K., S. M. Lindsay, et al. (2004). "The conversion challenge: from intrathecal to oral morphine." Am J Hosp Palliat Care 21(2): 143-7.

Szalai, A. J. and S. R. Barnum (2004). "Fc receptors and the common gamma-chain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis." J Neurosci Res 75(5): 597-602.

Szendrei, K. (2004). "[A novel analgesics made from Cannabis]." Ideggyogy Sz 57(1-2): 36-40.

t Hart, B. A., S. Amor, et al. (2004). "Evaluating the validity of animal models for research into therapies for immune-based disorders." Drug Discov Today 9(12): 517-24.

t Hart, B. A. and Y. van Kooyk (2004). "Yin-Yang regulation of autoimmunity by DCs." Trends Immunol 25(7): 353-9.

Tabakman, R., S. Lecht, et al. (2004). "Interactions between the cells of the immune and nervous system: neurotrophins as neuroprotection mediators in CNS injury." Prog Brain Res 146: 387-401.

Tanosaki, M. and M. Matsunaga (2004). "[Multiple sclerosis]." Nippon Rinsho 62 Suppl 5: 586-9.

Theoharides, T. C. and D. E. Cochrane (2004). "Critical role of mast cells in inflammatory diseases and the effect of acute stress." J Neuroimmunol 146(1-2): 1-12.

Tishler, M. and Y. Shoenfeld (2004). "Vaccination may be associated with autoimmune diseases." Isr Med Assoc J 6(7): 430-2.

Trapp, B. D. (2004). "Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the eyes only see what the mind is prepared to comprehend." Ann Neurol 55(4): 455-7.

van der Worp, H. B., J. van Gijn, et al. (2004). "[Treatment of optic neuritis]." Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 148(2): 61-5.

Vandenbroeck, K., I. Alloza, et al. (2004). "Inhibiting cytokines of the interleukin-12 family: recent advances and novel challenges." J Pharm Pharmacol 56(2): 145-60.

Vermersch, P. (2004). "[Are there arguments for initiating an etiological treatment at the onset of the first demyelinating episode?]." Presse Med 33(3): 180-6; discussion 192.

Vial, T. and J. Descotes (2004). "Autoimmune diseases and vaccinations." Eur J Dermatol 14(2): 86-90.

Vieth, R. (2004). "Why the optimal requirement for Vitamin D3 is probably much higher than what is officially recommended for adults." J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 89-90(1-5): 575-9.

Villoslada, P. and C. P. Genain (2004). "Role of nerve growth factor and other trophic factors in brain inflammation." Prog Brain Res 146: 403-14.

Witowski, J., K. Ksiazek, et al. (2004). "Interleukin-17: a mediator of inflammatory responses." Cell Mol Life Sci 61(5): 567-79.

Wolinsky, J. S. (2004). "Glatiramer acetate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis." Expert Opin Pharmacother 5(4): 875-91.

Woodward, S. (2004). "Current management of neurogenic bladder in patients with MS." Br J Nurs 13(7): 362-70.

Yamamoto, T., T. Marui, et al. (2004). "Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome resulting in rapid digital shortening." Clin Orthop(424): 191-3.

Yong, V. W. (2004). "Prospects for neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis." Front Biosci 9: 864-72.

Zhou, D. and B. Hemmer (2004). "Specificity and degeneracy: T cell recognition in CNS autoimmunity." Mol Immunol 40(14-15): 1057-61.

Ziemssen, T. (2004). "Neuroprotection and glatiramer acetate: the possible role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis." Adv Exp Med Biol 541: 111-34.

Zivadinov, R. and R. Bakshi (2004). "Central nervous system atrophy and clinical status in multiple sclerosis." J Neuroimaging 14(3 Suppl): 27S-35S.

Zivadinov, R. and R. Bakshi (2004). "Role of MRI in multiple sclerosis I: inflammation and lesions." Front Biosci 9: 665-83.

Zivadinov, R. and R. Bakshi (2004). "Role of MRI in multiple sclerosis II: brain and spinal cord atrophy." Front Biosci 9: 647-64.